AEAS考试:被动语态和主动语态

发布时间:2019-04-23
  AEAS语法AEAS考试中的重难点之一,由于大部分学生都把注意力放在听力与口语上,备考中难免有疏漏,今天我们就从基础语法等方面入手,帮助大家分析应该如何学习被动语态和主动语态!
  一、主动语态改成被动语态方法
  把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
  1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
  2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
  二、被动语态的用法:
  1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
  2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.
  3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.
  4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Many more trees will be planted next year.
  5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.
  6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

  7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.


AEAS考试:被动语态和主动语态


  三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
  1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.  The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
  2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.
  3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to. 例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do somethingThe boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
  4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
  He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
  He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
  5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
  We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laughed at by us.
  常见考法
  对于语态考查,多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下,会综合考查时态和语态,这时,要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态,然后再确定语态。
  典型例题:-Could you tell me whom the radio__________by? -Sorry. I have no idea.
  A invents B invented C is invented D was invented解析:题干的意思是“你能告诉我收音机是谁发明的吗?”,发明收音机是过去的事,所以用过去时,排除 A和C;而radio和invent 构成被动关系,应用被动语态,排除B答案:D
  误区提醒
  有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”,这一点我们必须注意。
  典型例题:The young man was often seen _____ by the lake.
  A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew
  解析:这是2007年济南的中考题。“看到某人做某事”为see sb.do sth.。句中动词原形是省略to的不定式,在被动语态中要还原to.
  答案:A
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